The plasma arc cutting process cuts metal by melting a section of metal with a constricted arc. Plasma arc machining pam kcg college of technology. Modern machining processes presents unconventional machining methods which are gradually commercial acceptance. The process can be applied to different types of operations such as milling, blanking, and engraving. Fundamentals of arc welding processes, physics of arc, arc forces, arc blow, selection of power sources for different arc welding processes, principles of weld joint design, welding symbols, metallurgical aspects in welding of steel, heat flow in welding and its effect on the performance of weld. Since no heat is applied on the materials, cut edges are clean.
Plasma cutting is a process that cuts through electrically conductive materials by means of an accelerated jet of hot plasma. The different chemical machining processes can be classified as. This channel is formed by faculty from bit to enhance the knowledge of students towards technical and fundamentals plasma arc machining is used for variety of industrial application. Plasma beam machining pbm plasma beam devices are of 2 types. Principles equipment types beam control techniques. Advanced machining processes video course course outline there is a need for machine tools and processes which can accurately and easily machine the most difficulttomachine materials and workpieces with intricate and accurate shapes.
The high rate of electrolyte movement in the toolworkpiece gap washes metal ions away by anodic dissolution from the electrically conductive workpiece anode. This course on advanced machining processes is also known as. Mar 31, 2017 it is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Its high accuracy, finishing, ability of machining any hard materials and to produce intricate shape increases its demand in market. A highvelocity jet flow of hot ionized gas melts the metal and then removes the molten material to form a kerf. It creates and protects the cutting environment which among other things affects the edge quality. Water jet machining water jet cutting can reduce the costs and speed up the processes by eliminating or reducing expensive secondary machining process. Understand the applications of plasma machining and chemical machining. Module 2 thermal processes unit 1 introduction to thermal processes and safety unit 2 introduction to oxyacetylene welding unit 3. Electrochemical machining ecm is an electronic device used to separate components from the workpiece.
Consequently, common applications for pac consisted of repeating cutting patterns in a massproduction mode. Advanced manufacturing processes amps plasma beam machining. These methods form a group of processes which removes excess material by various. Plasma arc machining plasma is defined as the gas, which has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become ionized. Chemical machining working principle, application, advantages. Plasma arc machining is a metal removal process in which the metal is removed by focusing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 11,000c to 30,000c ionized gas on the workpiece.
Download nontraditional manufacturing processes by gary f. Apply unconventional machining process in various industrial applications. Pdf experimental investigation of the plasma arc cutting. In this unit you will be introduced to plasma arc cutting and the safety precautions required when using plasma arc cutting equipment. It is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Electron beam machining is a thermal process used for metal removal during the machining process. The workpiece is used as anode and the device as a cathode. Electrochemical machining ecm is a nontraditional machining process uses the principle of faraday to remove metal from the workpiece. The basic arrangement for a plasma arc cutting torch, similar to the plasma arc welding torch, is shown in figure 1071. In order to meet these challenges, a number of newer material. In unconventional machining, a form of energy is used to remove unwanted material from a given workpiece. Electron beam machining ebm diagram, working, advantages. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics.
Building of machines, structures, or process equipment by cutting, shaping and assembling components made from raw materials. Parts, working principle, advantages, application and more. Arc is generated between electrode to workpiece transferred arc, also known as plasma arc figure 1 b pam arc generated within the device torch and only the ionised gas is emitted nontranferred arc, also known as plasma jet figure 1 a pjm. Electrolysis is based on faraday laws of electrolysis which is stated as. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Laser beam machining is a thermal process having different advantages such as it can machine any material irrespective of its electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties. Introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges.
Manufacturing processes i nptel online videos, courses. Plasma arc machining pam plasma arc machining is a nontraditional thermal process. During this machining process, a small portion of metals is also eroded away, leaving a small cater. The two electrodes workpiece and tool is immersed in an electrolyte such as nacl. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. This machining process is especially ideal for cutting materials that cannot be cut. The machining medium is solid grains suspended in an abrasive slurry in the former,while a fluid is employed in the wjm process. Here is a very brief account of the physics of paw with an eye to the needs of a welder. Introduction plasmaarc machining pam employs a high velocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path.
Its high accuracy, finishing, ability of machining any hard materials and to produce intricate shape increases its demand. Plasma arc cutting process and equipment considerations. Nontraditional and hybrid machining processes by hassan abdelgaward elhofy book is a good reference for both nontraditional and hybrid machining processes. The process was first developed in 1950s and was originally used for finishing edm surfaces. Electrical discharge machining edm is a wellknown machining.
The torch produces a highvelocity jet of hightemperature ionized gas plasma that cuts by melting and displacing material from the workpiece. The workpiece and instrument are submerged in two electrodes read more. Ultrasonic machining is a mechanical type nontraditional machining process. Electron beam machining is process in which high velocity electrons are concentrated in a narrow beam and then directed towards the workpiece for machining. Mar 24, 2020 this is an arc welding process, a concentrated plasma arc is produced and directed towards the weld area. The objective of this work is to study the effects of plasma arc cutting process parameters on hazheat affected zone and bevel angle for low carbon steel 1010 material with thickness 4 mm, which. The plasma arc machining process is used for cutting alloy steels, stainless steel, cast iron, copper, nickel, titanium, and aluminum, etc. Plasma arc machiningbasic terms and working youtube. This includes, physics of electric arc plasma, engineering the arc plasma for welding, metal transfer and mass. Other articles where plasma arc machining is discussed. Typical materials cut with a plasma torch include steel, stainless steel, aluminum, brass and copper, although other conductive metals may be cut as well. The plasma welding consists only of the plasmaarc welding process which works with a transferred arc. Conventional and non conventional machining processes.
The plasma arc process has always been seen as an alternative to the oxyfuel process. Plasma arc machining machine tool technology britannica. Early plasma cutters were large, slow, and expensive. The process of metal removal by electro chemical dissolution was known as long back as 1780 ad but it is only over the last couple of decades that this method has been used to advantage.
It surrounds the arc and is used to help constrict the arc and cool torch. Mar 11, 2016 in electric discharge machining process an arc is produced when two currentcarrying wires are shortcircuited. Edm machining process is also known as spark erosion machining. The introduction of abrasives to the fluid jet enhances the machining efficiency and is known as abrasive water jet machining. Plasma arc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Analyze and simulate various industrial problems in advanced machining processes using ebm and lbm 16. It is employed to machine hard and brittle materials both electrically conductive and non conductive material having hardness usually greater than 40 hrc. Lbm can be used to process these materials with intricate shapes and. Electron beam machining is same as laser beam machining process in which except laser, high speed electron beam impinges on work piece. It is also known as contactless electrochemical forming process. Introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the. Working principle of pam in the plasma arc machining process, the material is removed by directing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 1c to 28,000c ionized gas on the workpiece. The plasma arc cutting process is illustrated in fig.
May 12, 2017 electrochemical machining ecm is a machining process in which electrochemical process is used to remove materials from the workpiece. Explain the process and mechanism in plasma arc machining 18. Tech cadcam 2,3assistant professor 1,2department of mechanical engineering 3department of mechatronics engineering 1,2,3u v patel college of engineering, ganpat university, mehsana, gujarat, india. To learn about various unconventional machining processes, the various process parameters and their influence on performance and their applications. When this high velocity electron strikes the workpiece, it melts and vaporizes the material from the workpiece. Pdf nontraditional manufacturing processes by gary f.
The term plasma, as employed in physics, means ionized particles. Plasma arc machining process, diagram, advantages and. In this part of the series the process fundamentals are described with emphasis being placed on the operating features and the advantages of the many process variants. Laser beam machining lbm is an excellent material processing technique to machine a wide range of advanced materials, especially difficulttomachine advanced ceramics and composites. Plasma state is the superheated and electrically ionized gases at approximately 5000c these gases are directed on the workpiece in the form of high. Similar case happens when ice particles are introduced as in ice jet machining. Various type of plasma arc cutting in this process gases are heated and charged to plasma state. Chapter 1 early plasma cutting the plasmaarc cutting process saw its first commercial application in the early 1960s. Download link is provided and students can download the anna university me6004 unconventional machining processes ump syllabus question bank lecture notes syllabus part a 2 marks with answers part b 16 marks question bank with answer, all the materials are listed below for the students to make use of it and score good maximum marks with our study materials. Ebm as well as lbm are such thermal beam processes. In thesis work literature has been studied in context to parametric optimization of plasma arc cutting machine.
Pdf me6004 unconventional machining processes ump books. It is mostly used for the metals that cannot be cut by an oxyacetylene torch. Laser beam machining an overview sciencedirect topics. An unconventional machining process or nontraditional machining process is a special type of machining process in which there is no direct contact between the tool and the workpiece. Plasma arc machining is a nontraditional thermal process. Advanced machining processes video course mechanical. Pam is a method of cutting metal with a plasmaarc, or tungsten inertgasarc, torch. Laser beam machining lbm is a thermal energy based advanced machining process in which the material is removed by i melting, ii vaporization, and iii chemical degradation chemical bonds are broken which causes the materials to degrade. The arc is stable and reaches temperatures as high as 33,000c. Apr 21, 2015 introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. In the process, workpiece is taken as anode and tool is taken as cathode. All aspects of mechanical, electrochemical and thermal processes are comprehensively covered. In this ebook you will find covering the both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining.
Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. In the electrical beam machining, electrical energy is used to generate the electrons with high energy. Sep, 2016 on this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics. Jun 10, 2017 electrochemical machining ecm is performed by reversing the process of electroplating, ecm utilizes the principle of electrolysis for metal removal. Basically, plasma arc machining pam is a metal cutting process where metals are cut with plasma arc, tungsteninertgas arc or a torch. May 12, 2017 plasma arc machiningbasic terms and working. Plasma is defined as a gas that has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become partially ionized and therefore electrically conductive. The shield is the secondary gas in the plasma process. A plasma is an ionized very hot gas composed of nearly the same numbers of electrons and ions. In unconventional machining, a form of energy is used to remove unwanted material from a. In the electron beam machining process, a high velocity focused beam of electrons are used to remove the metal from the workpiece. Electrochemical machining ecm is a machining process in which electrochemical process is used to remove materials from the workpiece. The metal shieldedgas welding is limited to the metal inertgas welding process. However, due to it uses heat energy for melting, vaporization and some time ablation of workpiece material, it produces some adverse effects on the machined products.
Plasma arc machining free download as powerpoint presentation. Plasma arc cutting process and applications for pipefitting. It includes detailed information to gain insight into the manufacturing processes. Apr 08, 2017 electron beam machining is process in which high velocity electrons are concentrated in a narrow beam and then directed towards the workpiece for machining. A few are oxyacetylene flame, welding arc, plasma flame etc. Unconventional machining processes introduction and. Advanced machining processes by hassan abdelgaward elhofy. Effect of constricting electric arc in plasma device. Process of fabrication of miniature structures features of. Processes likeabrasive jet machining water jet machininglaser beam machininghot machiningplasma arc machininghave also been included. Electrochemical machining ecm plasma arc machining pam ultrasonic machining usm abrasive jet machining ajm laser beam machining lbm chemical machining process. This will generate high heat energy and melts and vaporize metal from work piece.
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